原位生成Si2N2O与β-Si3N4晶种协同增韧Si3N4复相陶瓷研究

采用原位生成Si2N2O与添加β-Si3N4晶种的方法协同增韧,利用凝胶注模成型、无压烧结制备了Si3N4复相陶瓷材料,研究了协同增韧对材料力学性能和显微结构的影响.结果表明:通过添加5%(质量分数)的SiO2原位生成Si2N2O使材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧度有明显提高,分别达到359.8 MPa和4.67 MPa·m1/2,通过添加5%质量分数的β-Si3N4晶种,得到的Si3N4复相陶瓷材料中柱状β-Si3N4相生长完好、均匀分布,与板状Si2N2O结合良好.综合以上两种增韧机制使材料的力学性能进一步提高,弯曲强度为486.7 MPa,断裂韧度达到6.38 MPa·m1/2.     

集成化过程工程环境及其体系结构

现代化的企事业是一个极其复杂的集成化的人机系统,其内部运作需要基于计算机的应用系统的支持.因此本文讨论了一个以过程工程为核心的,将过程工程和软件工程融合为一体的集成化过程工程环境IPEE,提出了以过程模型为中心的IPEE的总体结构,并设计了分布式的过程运作环境的体系结构.     

高精度低连接刚度大惯量扫描镜控制系统设计

针对三轴稳定卫星内低连接刚度条件下的大惯量扫描镜负载在低速摆动时易出现机械谐振的问题，基于电流-速度-位置三闭环控制结构，研究并提出一种有效的易于工程实现的优化控制方法，抑制机械谐振同时提高扫描镜系统的控制性能。首先，根据动力学关系对低刚度连接的电机与扫描镜控制对象建立理论的简化控制模型。然后，分析加速度反馈抑制谐振、提高系统控制性能的原因，并借助电流和位置反馈信号建立加速度观测器获取电机加速度并反馈，仿真分析该方法的优化效果。最后，在实际系统上进行实验检验，对比系统控制误差的变化。结果表明：提出的优化控制方法能够有效地抑制机械谐振，提高系统的控制带宽和动态精度。     

Self-Sensing Test Method for the Temperature of Piezoelectric Stacks

A self-sensing test method for the temperature of piezoelectric stack,based on the high correlation between the static capacitance and the stack temperature,is proposed in order to construct a self-sufficient methodology of temperature measurement. Firstly,a theoretical model of static capacitance of the piezoelectric stack under preload was set up,and the influence of preload on the static capacitance was analyzed. Secondly,the correctness of the model was verified by static capacitance test experiments under various preloading conditions. Finally, the temperature measurement experiments at low-temperature stage for two kinds of piezoelectric stacks,namely the lowtemperature-resistant piezoelectric stack and conventional piezoelectric stack, were conducted under various preloading conditions using a polynomial fitting method. The results,which validate the accuracy of the test method,show that the maximum temperature deviations of the two kinds of piezoelectric stack are 3.9 ℃ and 2.8 ℃,respectively,when the preload force is close to the specified value. The test method uses the piezoelectric stack itself as a temperature sensor,which does not require additional equipment for temperature sensing,so that the space and equipment cost could be economized. And the test for static capacitance is concise and convenient,which indicates that in the cooling process,a concise and efficient test of the temperature of the piezoelectric stack could be realized so as to grasp the current temperature change in time.     

基于Mn3+浓度和形貌控制的高性能LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料

为了改善高电压镍锰酸锂(LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4)材料的电化学性能,提出利用退火热处理过程调控Mn~(3+)含量和材料形貌来制备LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4正极材料。LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料的电性能是材料结构、形貌等多因素影响的结果。退火热处理有助于Mn~(3+)氧化成Mn~(4+),实现Mn~(3+)含量调控。退火后材料的空间结构由Fd3m向P4_332转变,且具有微米级多面体形貌,有效提高了循环稳定性和放电平台。研究表明:700℃退火保温15 h合成的材料在20 C下具有118 mAh·g~(-1)放电比容量,循环100次容量保持率提高到92.8%。因此,通过优化Mn~(3+)含量、控制材料形貌可以实现高性能LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4材料制备。     

CNFs/CDA纳米纤维复合膜装置的制备与性能研究

以二甲基亚砜/三氯甲烷作为新型双组分溶剂体系,利用溶剂置换法将纤维素纳米纤维(Cellulose nanofibers,CNFs)与二醋酸纤维素(Cellulose diacetate,CDA)复合;利用熔融沉积(Fused deposition modeling,FDM)3D打印技术,在平行导电板上直接打印成型蜂窝状的碳纤维(Carbon fiber,CF)/聚乳酸(Polylactic acid,PLA)复合材料支撑体;采用静电纺丝技术使CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维直接沉积于蜂窝状CF/PLA支撑体上,制备了基于3D打印技术的CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维膜装置。利用透射电镜(Transmission eletron microscopy,TEM)、扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)等测试技术对所制备CNFs/CDA复合纤维膜的形貌与结构进行了表征,并测试了CNFs/CDA复合膜装置对蛋白质的吸附性能。结果表明,当CNFs的质量分数为0.5%时,CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维平均直径可达(381±116)nm,纤维直径分布更均匀,超过80%的纤维尺寸保持在200～500 nm范围内。而且,基于3D打印技术的CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维膜装置对牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumin,BSA)具有一定的吸附能力,最高吸附量可达433.89 mg/g。     

飞行高度对高超声速钝锥边界层稳定性及转捩的影响

研究了飞行高度对高超声速钝锥边界层稳定性及转捩的影响。通过求解三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程计算了来流Ma=6，半锥角为7°的钝锥在飞行高度20~40 km条件下的基本流场，利用线性稳定性理论（LST）研究了飞行高度对钝锥边界层流动稳定性的影响，最后采用e N方法进行了转捩预测。研究发现，随着飞行高度的增加，流向不稳定N s值和横流不稳定N cf 值均减小，由横流不稳定性引起的圆锥表面大部分区域转捩逐渐转变为流向扰动引起迎风面转捩横流扰动引起背风面转捩，继而横流扰动消失,流向不稳定波引起迎风面转捩。     

高阶精度有限差分方法几何守恒律研究进展

针对高阶精度有限差分格式的几何守恒律问题,系统梳理了国内外离散几何守恒律问题方面的研究工作,以有限差分格式离散后的自由流保持问题为切入点,综述了近年来课题组在有限差分离散几何守恒律方面的研究工作,包括守恒网格导数算法(CMM)、对称守恒网格导数算法(SCMM)等,并通过若干典型算例验证了几何守恒律的满足对高阶精度有限差分方法数值模拟能力的提升。通过对有限差分离散几何守恒律问题研究工作的系统梳理,总结相关认识如下:1)直接基于网格变换导数的传统计算形式采用有限差分离散不能满足几何守恒律,需采用网格变换导数的守恒计算形式同时还需满足CMM条件;2)SCMM条件是满足几何守恒律的充分条件,且网格变换导数和雅克比均需采用其对称守恒计算形式,具有唯一性;3)自由流保持只是满足几何守恒律的一种表现形式;4)几何守恒律的满足能够有效提升高阶精度有限差分格式的数值模拟能力。     

基于层次分析法和模糊综合评判的高职校园文化育人评价体系构建

高职院校应该充分发挥文化育人作用,文化育人的核心是文化育人质量.基于德尔斐法构建文化育人评价标准,基于层次分析法构建文化育人评价指标权重,基于模糊综合评判法开展文化育人评价,三者联动构建科学的高职校园文化育人评价体系.以某高职学院文化育人为例,验证该评价体系科学可行,评价结果符合实际情况.     

Satellite lithium-ion battery remaining useful life estimation with an iterative updated RVM fused with the KF algorithm

Lithium-ion batteries have become the third-generation space batteries and are widely utilized in a series of spacecraft. Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation is essential to a spacecraft as the battery is a critical part and determines the lifetime and reliability. The Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is a data-driven algorithm used to estimate a battery’s RUL due to its sparse feature and uncertainty management capability. Especially, some of the regressive cases indicate that the RVM can obtain a better short-term prediction performance rather than long-term prediction. As a nonlinear kernel learning algorithm, the coefficient matrix and relevance vectors are fixed once the RVM training is conducted. Moreover, the RVM can be simply influenced by the noise with the training data. Thus, this work proposes an iterative updated approach to improve the long-term prediction performance for a battery’s RUL prediction. Firstly, when a new estimator is output by the RVM, the Kalman filter is applied to optimize this estimator with a physical degradation model. Then, this optimized estimator is added into the training set as an on-line sample, the RVM model is re-trained, and the coefficient matrix and relevance vectors can be dynamically adjusted to make next iterative prediction. Experimental results with a commercial battery test data set and a satellite battery data set both indicate that the proposed method can achieve a better performance for RUL estimation.